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The Iron Brigade, also known as The Black Hats, Black Hat Brigade, Iron Brigade of the West, and originally King's Wisconsin Brigade was an infantrybrigade in the UnionArmy of the Potomac during the American Civil War. Although it fought entirely in the Eastern Theater, it was composed of regiments from three Western states that are now within the region of the Midwest. Noted for its strong discipline, its unique uniform appearance and its tenacious fighting ability, the Iron Brigade suffered the highest percentage of casualties of any brigade in the war.

The nickname 'Iron Brigade', with its connotation of fighting men with iron dispositions, was applied formally or informally to a number of units in the Civil War and in later conflicts. The Iron Brigade of the West was the unit that received the most lasting publicity in its use of the nickname.

Nickname[edit]

The Iron Brigade initially consisted of the 2nd, 6th, and 7th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiments, the 19th Indiana, Battery B of the 4th U.S. Light Artillery, and was later joined by the 24th Michigan. This particular composition of men, from the three Western states, led it to be sometimes referred to as the 'Iron Brigade of the West'. They were known throughout the war as the 'Black Hats' because of the black 1858 model Hardee hats issued to Army regulars, rather than the blue kepis worn by most other Union Army units.

The all-Western brigade, composed of Wisconsin, Michigan and Indiana troops, earned their famous nickname, while under the command of Brig. Gen.John Gibbon, who led the brigade into its first battle. On August 28, 1862, during the preliminary phases of the Second Battle of Bull Run, it stood up against attacks from a superior force under Maj. GenThomas J. 'Stonewall' Jackson on the Brawner farm. The designation 'Iron Brigade' is said to have originated during the brigade's action at Turners Gap, during the Battle of South Mountain, a prelude to the Battle of Antietam in September 1862. Maj. Gen.Joseph Hooker, commanding I Corps, approached Army of the Potomac commander Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan, seeking orders. As the Western men advanced up the National Road, forcing the Confederate line all the way back to the gap, McClellan asked, 'What troops are those fighting in the Pike?' Hooker replied, '[Brigadier] General Gibbon's brigade of Western men.' McClellan stated, 'They must be made of iron.' Hooker said that the brigade had performed even more superbly at Second Bull Run; to this, McClellan said that the brigade consisted of the 'best troops in the world'. Hooker supposedly was elated and rode off without his orders. There are a few stories related to the origin, but the men immediately adopted the name, which was quickly used in print after South Mountain.^[1]

History[edit]

The unit that eventually became known as the Iron Brigade was activated on October 1, 1861, upon the arrival in Washington, D.C., of the 7th Wisconsin. It was combined into a brigade with the 2nd and 6th Wisconsin, and the 19th Indiana, under the command of Brig. Gen. Rufus King and were originally known as King's Wisconsin Brigade. The governor of Wisconsin, Alexander Randall, had hoped to see the formation of an entirely Wisconsin brigade, but the Army unwittingly frustrated his plans by transferring the 5th Wisconsin from King's brigade and including the Hoosiers instead.^[2] This brigade was initially designated the 3rd Brigade of Maj. Gen. Irvin McDowell's division of the Army of the Potomac, and then the 3rd Brigade, I Corps.^[3]

McDowell's I Corps did not join the bulk of the Army of the Potomac in the Peninsula Campaign. In June 1862 it was redesignated the III Corps of Maj. Gen. John Pope'sArmy of Virginia. Now under the command of John Gibbon, a regular Army officer from North Carolina who chose to stay with the Union,^[4] King's brigade was designated the 4th Brigade, 1st Division, III Corps, and it saw its first combat in the Northern Virginia Campaign. Almost immediately following the Union defeat in the Second Battle of Bull Run, the III Corps was transferred back to the Army of the Potomac and redesignated the I Corps, under the command of Joseph Hooker; Gibbon's brigade became the 4th Brigade, 1st Division, I Corps.

The 24th Michigan Volunteer Infantry Regiment joined the brigade on October 8, 1862, prior to the Battle of Fredericksburg in December. On February 27, 1863, the brigade, now under the command of Brig. Gen. Solomon Meredith, was redesignated the 1st Brigade, 1st Division, I Corps.

The brigade commanders, disregarding temporary assignments, were:

Brig. Gen. Rufus King: September 28, 1861 – May 7, 1862
Brig. Gen. John Gibbon: May 7, 1862 – November 4, 1862
Brig. Gen. Solomon Meredith: November 25, 1862 – July 1, 1863 (wounded at Gettysburg)

The Iron Brigade lost its all-Western status on July 16, 1863, following its crippling losses at Gettysburg, when the 167th Pennsylvania was incorporated into it. However, the brigade that succeeded it, which included the survivors of the Iron Brigade, was commanded by:

Col. William W. Robinson (of the 7th Wisconsin): July 1, 1863 – March 25, 1864
Brig. Gen. Lysander Cutler (6th Wisconsin): March 25, 1864 – May 6, 1864
Col. William W. Robinson: May 6, 1864 – June 7, 1864
Brig. Gen. Edward S. Bragg (6th Wisconsin): June 7, 1864 – February 10, 1865
Col. John A. Kellogg (6th Wisconsin): February 28, 1865 – April 27, 1865
Col. Henry A. Morrow (24th Michigan): April 27, 1863 – June 5, 1865

In June 1865, the units of the surviving brigade were separated and reassigned to the Army of the Tennessee.

The brigade fought in the battles of Second Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Mine Run, Overland, Richmond-Petersburg, and Appomattox.

The brigade took pride in its designation, '1st Brigade, 1st Division, I Corps', under which it played a prominent role in the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg, July 1, 1863. It repulsed the first Confederate offensive through Herbst's Woods, capturing much of Brig. Gen. James J. Archer's brigade, and Archer himself. The 6th Wisconsin (along with 100 men of the brigade guard) are remembered for their famous charge on an unfinished railroad cut north and west of the town, where they captured the flag of the 2nd Mississippi and took hundreds of Confederate prisoners.^[5]

The Iron Brigade, proportionately, suffered the most casualties of any brigade in the Civil War. For example, 61% (1,153 out of 1,885) were casualties at Gettysburg. Similarly, the 2nd Wisconsin, which suffered 77% casualties at Gettysburg, suffered the third highest total throughout the war; it was third behind the 24th Michigan (also an Iron Brigade regiment) as well as the 1st Minnesota in total casualties at Gettysburg. The Michigan regiment lost 397 out of 496 soldiers, an 80% casualty rate. The 1st Minnesota actually suffered the highest casualty percentage of any Union regiment in a single Civil War engagement during the battle of Gettysburg, losing 216 out of 262 men (82%).^{[citation needed]}

The last surviving member of the Iron Brigade, Josiah E. Cass of Eau Claire, Wisconsin, died on 2 December 1947 of a fractured hip suffered in a fall. He was 100 years old.^[6]

• 24th Michigan Monument, Gettysburg National Military Park

• The Iron Brigade prepared for battle, at Gettysburg, by anchoring the Union Army's southern flank, 10:00–10:45 a.m., on Day 1.

• Death of General John F. Reynolds as he supervised the deployment of the Iron Brigade early on the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg

Uniforms[edit]

The uniform of the Iron brigade differed some what to the standard uniform of the Union army at the time. It was designed to be more of a dress uniform that resembled a suit rather than the more common infantry men's kit. It consisted of:

A Hardee black hat: A tall blocked, brimmed black hat, featuring a brass infantry bugle, a red I Corps circle patch and brass numbers/letters of the front to indicate units and companies. A brass eagle badge on the side used to hold the brim up in a slouch, and finally an ostrich feather plume.

Union Frock coat.: A long, dark blue coat that came down to the mid thighs, resembling that of an officers coat. Fitted with a single breasted row of nine brass buttons, each with the federal eagle on them. The cuffs and collars had light blue trimming and two smaller brass buttons on the cuffs. The inside of the coat was lined with cotton to make a better fit.

Light/dark blue trousers: depending on the period of the war and unit, trousers versed from light, sky blue to a dark blue the same colour as the coat. The trouser extended from the mid waist down to the ankles and had a pocket on either side.

White canvas gaiter: white canvas leggings with leather straps to prevent stones and dirt getting into the shoes whilst in the field.

All other equipment not mentioned included standard field equipment of the Union army consisting of canteens, belts, cartridge box, bayonet and scabbard, haversack and other various items of kit.

Weapons[edit]

See Lorenz rifle

'On the Union side, continental European firearms were mostly distributed to the Western armies--as such, the Lorenz Rifle was relatively uncommon in the Army of the Potomac (although two regiments of the famous Iron Brigade carried them) but heavily used by the Army of the Cumberland and Army of Tennessee.'^[who?]

Other Iron Brigades[edit]

Union Army[edit]

There have been other brigades known by the same name. Another brigade in the Army of the Potomac had previously been known as the Iron Brigade, later the 'Iron Brigade of the East' or 'First Iron Brigade', to avoid confusion. This unit was the 1st Brigade, 1st Division, I Corps, prior to Meredith's brigade getting that designation. It consisted of the 22nd New York, 24th New York, 30th New York, 14th Regiment (New York State Militia), and 2nd U.S. Sharpshooters. Although this Iron Brigade of the East served in the same infantry division as the Iron Brigade of the West, press attention focused primarily on the latter. Most of the Eastern regiments were mustered out before the Battle of Gettysburg, where the remaining Eastern Iron Brigade Regiments and the Iron Brigade of the West arguably achieved their greatest fame.

Recent scholarship^[7] identifies two other brigades referred to by their members or others as 'The Iron Brigade':3rd Brigade, 1st Division, III Corps (17th Maine, 3rd Michigan, 5th Michigan, 1st, 37th, and 101st New York)Reno's Brigade from the North Carolina expedition (21st and 35th Massachusetts, 51st Pennsylvania, and 51st New York)

The Horn Brigade, a unit serving in the Western Theater, was known as the 'Iron Brigade of the Army of the Cumberland.'^[8]

Confederate Army - Shelby's Iron Brigade[edit]

Shelby's Iron Brigade was a Confederatecavalry brigade also known as the 'Missouri Iron Brigade'. The Confederate Iron Brigade was part of the division, commanded by Brig. Gen. Joseph O. 'Jo' Shelby, in the Army of Arkansas and fought in Maj. Gen. Sterling Price's Missouri Expedition, in 1864.

Modern U.S. Army[edit]

The 2nd Brigade of the U.S. Army's 1st Armored Division has carried the Iron Brigade moniker since 1985 and was previously called the 'Black Hat' Brigade.

The 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 1st Infantry Division was known as the Iron Brigade from its formation in 1917 through World War I, World War II and Vietnam, until some time in the early 2000s when, for reasons that are still unclear, the name was changed to Duke Brigade. The unit crest was an Iron Cross in a triangle, it appears that that was also changed.The 3rd Brigade of the 4th Infantry Division is also known as the Iron Brigade. Its unit crest is similar to the medals issued to veterans of the both Western and the Eastern Iron Brigades of the Army of the Potomac.^[9]The 1st Heavy Brigade Combat Team of the 2nd Infantry Division (United States) is known as the Iron Brigade as well. Located at Camp Casey, South Korea, the brigade has a critical role of military deterrence on the Korean Peninsula.

The 2nd Brigade of the 3rd Armored Division (Spearhead), formerly stationed on Coleman Kaserne in Gelnhausen, Germany.

The 157th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade, also known as the Iron Brigade, is based out of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It was formerly known as the 57th Field Artillery Brigade, at which time its subordinate organizations included the 1st Battalion, 126th Field Artillery Regiment and the 1st Battalion, 121st Field Artillery Regiment from the Wisconsin Army National Guard, plus the 1st Battalion, 182nd Field Artillery Regiment of the Michigan Army National Guard. Not to be confused with the famous 'Iron Brigade' of the Civil War, the 57th Field Artillery Brigade is also known as the 'Iron Brigade,' a nickname traditionally given to crack artillery units in the Civil War. It was during World War I that the 57th Field Artillery Brigade earned its nickname as it spent many hours at the front and fired more artillery rounds than any brigade in the American Army.

The 32nd Infantry Division was an infantry division of the United States Army National Guard that fought primarily during World War I and World War II. It was formed with units from the states of Wisconsin and Michigan. With roots as the Iron Brigade in the American Civil War, the division's ancestral units came to be referred to as the Iron Jaw Division. The division was briefly called up during the Berlin Crisis in 1961. In 1967, the division was deactivated and reconstituted the 32nd Infantry Brigade of the Wisconsin Army National Guard only to be reorganized in 2007 as the 32nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team. The shoulder sleeve insignia currently worn is a red line shot through with a red arrow, giving them the nickname Red Arrow Brigade, which was earned in World War I where the 32nd Division was fighting the Germans alongside the French, who noted the unit's tenacity by punching through the German lines, like an arrow and calling the unit Les Terribles, meaning The Terrors.

Sports[edit]

The name 'Iron Brigade' has also been used to describe the offensive line of the University of Wisconsin Badger Football Team. The line is known for its size, strength, and dedication to the protection of the backfield. The Badgers play in Camp Randall Stadium, a site used to train Wisconsin volunteers during the Civil War.

Notes[edit]

1. ^Herdegen, p. 244.
2. ^Nolan, p. 28.
3. ^Eicher, p. 334.
4. ^Dorsey, p. 50.
5. ^Herdegen, Beaudot, p. 207.
6. ^Associated Press, 'Last Survivor Dies', The Spokesman-Review, Spokane, Washington, Wednesday 3 December 1947, Volume 65, Number 203, page 2.
7. ^Clemens, Tom, Will the Real Iron Brigade Please Stand Up? (August 2000 presentation to the Richmond, Virginia, Civil War Round Table.)
8. ^War Department, United States. 'Official Records of the War of the Rebellion, Volume XXX(1)'.
9. ^See unit crest illustration at GlobalSecurity.org

References[edit]

• Beaudot, William J. K., and Herdegen, Lance J., In the Bloody Railroad Cut at Gettysburg, Morningside, 1990, ISBN978-0-89029-535-9.
• Dorsey, Chris 'Of Iron and Stone: A Comparison of the Iron and Stonewall Brigades,' The Journal of America's Military Past, (Winter, 2001); 48-67.
• Eicher, John H., and Eicher, David J., Civil War High Commands, Stanford University Press, 2001, ISBN0-8047-3641-3.
• Fox, William F., Regimental Losses in the American Civil War, reprinted by Morningside Bookshop, Dayton, Ohio, 1993, ISBN0-685-72194-9.
• Herdegen, Lance J., The Men Stood Like Iron: How the Iron Brigade Won Its Name, Indiana University Press, 1997, ISBN0-253-33221-4.
• Nolan, Alan T., The Iron Brigade, A Military History, Indiana University Press, 1961, ISBN0-253-34102-7.

Further reading[edit]

• Herdegen, Lance J., Those Damned Black Hats! The Iron Brigade in the Gettysburg Campaign. Savas, 2008. ISBN978-1-932714-48-7
• Madaus, Howard Michael & Richard Zeitlin. 'The Flags of the Iron Brigade'. Wisconsin Magazine of History, vol. 69, no. 1 (Autumn 1985):3-35.
• Wert, Jeffry D., A Brotherhood of Valor: The Common Soldiers of the Stonewall Brigade, C.S.A., and the Iron Brigade, U.S.A.. Touchstone, 1999. ISBN978-0-684-86244-6
• Zeitlin, Richard. 'Beyond the Battle: The Flags of the Iron Brigade, 1863-1918'. Wisconsin Magazine of History, vol. 69, no. 1 (Autumn 1985):36-66.

External links[edit]

• Flags of the First Day: An Online Exhibit of Iron Brigade and Confederate battle flags from July 1, 1863: (Civil War Trust)

The Eastern Iron Brigade, also known as the Iron Brigade of the East and First Iron Brigade, was a brigade of infantry, that served in the Union Army's Army of the Potomac, during the American Civil War. For much of its service, it was designated as the 1st Brigade, 1st Division, I Corps. Among its commanding officers were General John P. Hatch and General Walter Phelps Jr. Noted for its reliability in battle, the brigade developed a reputation which remained after it was disbanded late in the war, due to its annihilation from extremely high casualties.

Origin of Eastern Iron Brigade[edit]

The Eastern Iron Brigade consisted of the 22nd New York, 24th New York, 30th New York, 14th Regiment (New York State Militia), and 2nd U.S. Sharpshooters. During the Fredericksburg Expeditions the brigade had two cavalry regiments attached to it, the 2nd New York Cavalry Regiment ('Harris Light') under the command of Lt. Col.Judson Kilpatrick (originally of 5th New YorkZouaves) and the 6th New York Cavalry. The pair of cavalry regiments were later sent back to their normal divisions.^{[citation needed]}

The veteran brigade, under Col.Walter Phelps, received its nickname when Brig. Gen.Christopher C. Augur began a campaign near and around Fredericksburg, Virginia, from April 16 to July 23, 1862. After the Fredericksburg Expeditions, Brig. Gen. Marsena R. Patrick commented to Augur: 'Your men must be made of iron to make such marches.' The men of the 1st Brigade adopted this well-received nickname. From then on they were known as the 'Iron Brigade,' and then later as the 'Eastern Iron Brigade.'

During the famous march from Catlett's Station to Falmouth Va., April 15th 1862, the First Brigade, First Division, First Army Corps, won the title of the 'Iron Brigade.' It was composed of the Second United States Sharpshooters, Twenty Second, Twenty Fourth, Thirtieth and Eighty-Fourth New York Volunteers the Eighty Fourth as everyone knows, Being the fighting Fourteenth.^{[clarification needed]} The same name was afterward applied to the Second Brigade of the same division.

Colonel Fox in his Losses of the Rebellion said, 'It seems strange that two brigades in the same division should adopt like synonyms, but in justice to Hatch's Brigade, it should be stated that it was the original Iron Brigade.'^{[citation needed]}

The first Iron Brigade, to which the Fourteenth belonged, lost more soldiers through death or injury in one battle (the Second Manassas) than the British Light Brigade did at the Battle of Balaklava, which was immortalized in the famous Tennyson poem.^[1]

The men of the Iron Brigade became so enamored with their 'Iron' moniker, that some of the regiments had Iron Brigade placed on their flags, which they carried into battle.^{[citation needed]} The news article below describes an exhibition showing off the battle standard carried by the 24th during the war and in 1865 the flag was displayed proudly after the regiment had been mustered out of service:

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The veterans of the old Twenty-Fourth, (first Oswego County) regiment will be pleased to learn that the Flag which they so gallantly followed and so nobly sustained on so many bloody fields, is on exhibition, at the New York Sanitary Fair, in the department of 'Flags, Trophies and Relics'—a mute but eloquent witness of their bravery and patriotism. It was deposited by Col. S. R. BEARDSLEY, and bears upon one side the inscription: '24th Regiment, Iron Brigade, 1st Division, 1st Army Corps.'^[2]

Battle of South Mountain[edit]

The Iron Brigade was heavily engaged, at the Battle of South Mountain and had just been taken command of by Colonel Walter Phelps Jr of the 22nd New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment the day of South Mountain. The Iron Brigade received orders to make their advance up the mountain around 4 pm to support General Patrick's brigade in assaulting the confederate positions atop the hill. They were sent in as skirmishers to assist Colonel Patrick's men and then were posted behind a fence awaiting the command to move forward.

Colonel Phelps now ordered his men to advance, and General Hatch rode through the lines, pressing them forward. They went in with a cheer, poured in a deadly fire, and drove the enemy from his position behind the fence, after a short and desperate conflict, and took post some yards beyond.^[3]

According to later accounts by Colonel Phelps, the brigade was ordered to move up the mountain and force the confederates away from a fence and take their position:

Too much praise cannot be awarded to the officers and men of this brigade for their noble conduct on this occasion. Although the enemy were strongly posted behind a fence, and apparently in larger force than our own troops, they could not withstand the terrific fire and steady veteran advance of my line. The conflict at the fence became desperate, many of the enemy at this time being less than 8 rods in our front, but the undaunted bravery of officers and men enabled me to drive them from their position and capture a number of prisoners. The loss of the brigade at this point was much heavier than at any other on the field.

Having succeeded in forcing the enemy from their position, I advanced my line about 5 rods, where I obtained partial shelter for my men from an abrupt rise of ground. Perceiving that the right of my line extended beyond the enemy's left, I ordered Fourteenth Brooklyn to advance their right, which being done enabled them to enfilade the enemy's ranks with a fire which did great execution. This brigade held its position until relieved by Doubleday's brigade.^[4]

The Brigade was noted again for its performance at the battle of South Mountain, as noted by Phelps:

I cannot allow the conduct of Lieutenant Cranford, Fourteenth New York State Militia, and Lieutenant Schenck, Twenty-second New York Volunteers, aides to myself, to pass unnoticed. I was often obliged to send them, through a galling fire, to different parts of the field with orders. Their conduct on this occasion was most gallant, and all that I could have desired. It was the more striking that their line of duty did not require their presence on the field at that time, the former being acting commissary of subsistence, and the latter regimental quartermaster. Captain Monroe, Battery D, First Rhode Island Artillery, attached to this brigade, now acting chief of division artillery, will forward, at the earliest possible moment, a consolidated report of the casualties in the batteries in the engagements of September 14, 16, and 17.^[5]

The Brigade took about 25 percent losses, at South Mountain, out of 400 Officers and Enlisted Men their casualties were Enlisted men killed, 20; commissioned officers wounded, 4; enlisted men wounded, 63; missing, 8. Total, 95.^{[citation needed]}

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After Fredericksburg[edit]

After the successful campaign, the brigade mostly did skirmishes and reconnaissance work for the Army of the Potomac. Before the July 1863 Battle of Gettysburg, the original 1st Brigade, 1st Division, I Corps was disbanded, and all of its regiments were transferred to other brigades or mustered out. Sgt. Major James Mero Matthews of the 2nd USSS wrote in his Journal the day they were transferred out of the First Iron Brigade:

(December 30, 1862)Orders Came Late last night to join Berdan's 1st Regiment. So this morning after taking leave of the Brigade and Colonel Phelps, we left this Old Iron Brigade. Colonel Phelps made a short heartfelt speech and then the brigade stacked arms and took leave of us by shaking hands.^[6]

At that time the brigade, under Brig. Gen. Solomon Meredith, which had received considerable press attention as the Iron Brigade since the September 1862 Battle of South Mountain (then under Brig. Gen. John Gibbon), was redesignated 1st Brigade, 1st Division, I Corps. Disputes between the veterans of the two brigades increased in frequency and bitterness. Regiments like the 14th Brooklyn kept up the fight and always reminded their 2nd Iron Brigade Counterparts that the 14th Brooklyn was in fact a member of the First Iron Brigade. The men of the 14th Brooklyn never referred to the First Iron Brigade as the Eastern Iron Brigade because they felt as though they were in fact the first, original Iron Brigade of the East, and were the first and truly original Iron Brigade.^{[citation needed]}

Uniforms[edit]

Weapons[edit]

Historical traces of First Iron Brigade[edit]

Since the American Civil War, much has been forgotten, and the First Iron Brigade was almost lost to past memories. Between 1998 and 2008 much evidence, records and accounts of the actual First Iron Brigade has surfaced.^{[citation needed]} Below are some accounts taken from records and reports from the war itself.

The following statement:

In June the regiment became a part of the 1st brigade, 1st division, 3d corps, Army of Virginia, and in Sept., 1862, the same brigade and division, was made part of the 1st corps, Army of the Potomac. This brigade was known as the Iron Brigade before the Iron Brigade of the West was formed.^[7]

Below is the poem written by Captain Austin W Holden of the 24th New York State Infantry:

'The Old Iron Brigade'
From the camp and its now peaceful revels,
The bugles will soon call us forth,
The 'Thirtieth' and 'Red Legged Devils',
'Twenty-second' and the brave 'Twenty-fourth.'
To terror each heart is a stranger,
Tis cowards alone are afraid,
Then on to the front line of danger,
With the gallant old 'Iron Brigade.'^[8]

A report from William Fox of the 107th NY states that:

The brigade that was composed of the 22nd New York, 24th New York, 30th New York, 14th Regiment [New York State Militia], and 2nd U.S. Sharpshooters was the first to be called the 'Iron Brigade' because of its brave fighting at South Mountain and Antietam^[9]

From the New York Herald, June 2, 1863:

The old 'Iron Brigade' is no more. One by one its regiments have passed through Washington to their homes.. The Twenty-fourth and Thirtieth left several days since and their departure and reception at home have already been chronicled. The Twenty-second passed through Washington last night and the Fourteenth remains alone..^[10]

Letter From Captain Levi Beardsley upon the 24th New York's Mustering out of Company I:

In common with the gallant '24th,' you have earned distinction, and are well worthy the title of 'braves of the Iron Brigade.' You cheerfully offered your lives upon the altar of our country, and have been consecrated in the blood of fallen comrades. You have gained a name and a reputation of incalculable value, and should be enshrined in the memory of a grateful commonwealth.^[11]

Other Union Army and U.S. Army Iron Brigades[edit]

There were and are other Iron Brigades, known to some extent, by the same moniker:

• Another brigade, in the Army of the Potomac, was from three western states and later named the Iron Brigade, famously known as the 'Iron Brigade of the West'. This brigade, composed primarily of units from Indiana, Wisconsin, and Michigan was also known as 'The Black Hats' and 'Black Hat Brigade'.^{[citation needed]}
• Scholarship^[12] identifies two other brigades referred to by their members or others as 'The Iron Brigade':
  • 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, III Corps (17th Maine, 3rd Michigan, 5th Michigan, 1st, 37th, and 101st New York)
  • Reno's Brigade from the North Carolina expedition (21st and 35th Massachusetts, 51st Pennsylvania, and 51st New York)
• The current Second Brigade, of the U.S. Army's First Armored Division has been known as the 'Iron Brigade' since 1985.^{[citation needed]}
• The current U.S. Army Third Brigade, of the Fourth Infantry Division, is also known as the 'Iron Brigade'.^{[citation needed]}

Confederate Army – Shelby's Iron Brigade[edit]

Shelby's Iron Brigade was a Confederatecavalry brigade also known as the 'Missouri Iron Brigade'. The Confederate Iron Brigade was part of the division, commanded by Brig. Gen. Joseph O. 'Jo' Shelby, in the Army of Arkansas and fought in Maj. Gen. Sterling Price's Missouri Expedition, in 1864.

Post-war veterans[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^Tevis, C. V.; D. R. Marquis (1911). The History of the Fighting Fourteenth: Published in Commemoration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Muster of the Regiment Into the United States Service, May 23, 1861. New York, NY: Brooklyn Eagle Press.
2. ^THE BATTLE FLAG OF THE TWENTY-FOURTH - COMMERCIAL TIMES newspaper, [1] (COMMERCIAL TIMES newspaper April 11th 1865.)
3. ^General Abner Doubleday's Official After Action Report South Mounatain,Brig. Gen Abner Doubleday's Official Reports from South Mountain and Antietam
4. ^Col. Phelps Official After Action Report South Mountain, [2] (Col Walter Phelps, Jr's Official ReportsReports of September 1862 on South Mountain and Antietam.)
5. ^Col. Phelps Official After Action Report South Mountain, [3] (Col Walter Phelps, Jr's Official ReportsReports of September 1862 on South Mountain and Antietam.)
6. ^Sgt. Major James Mero Matthews Diary, Soldiers In Green Diary (Soldiers in Green: Civil War Diaries of James Mero Matthews, 2nd U.S. Sharpshooters.)
7. ^The Union army: a history of military affairs in the loyal states, 1861-65, records of the regiments in the Union army -- cyclopedia of battles -- memoirs of commanders and soldiers. Madison, WI: Federal Pub. Co., 1908
8. ^Captain Austin W. Holden, New York State Official Records - 24th New York State Volunteer Infantry
9. ^William Fox of the 107th New York, Regimental Losses In the American Civil War 1861–1865
10. ^Unknown correspondent, New York Herald. Christian J. Heirdorf Shoulder Arms: Letters and Recollections of the 22nd New York Volunteers and a Community at War 1998 Chapman Historical Museum'
11. ^Letter from Captain Levi Beardsley, 24th New York News Paper Clippongs
12. ^Clemens, Tom, Will the Real Iron Brigade Please Stand Up? (August 2000 presentation to the Richmond, Virginia, Civil War Round Table.)

• http://dmna.ny.gov/historic/reghist/civil/infantry/24thInf/24thInfScribner00Intro.htm - New York State Records (24th NY Reference)
• http://dmna.ny.gov/historic/reghist/civil/infantry/22ndInf/22ndInfMain.htm - New York State Records (22nd NY Reference)
• Soldiers In Green - Diary of James Mero Matthews 2nd U.S. Sharpshooters
• The History of the Fighting Fourteenth, Tevis & Marquis
• Regimental Losses in the American Civil War, William F. Fox
• http://14thbrooklyn.info/IRONBRIG.HTM - 14th Brooklyn Historical Association
• The Union army: a history of military affairs in the loyal states, 1861–65—records of the regiments in the Union army—cyclopedia of battles—memoirs of commanders and soldiers. Madison, WI: Federal Pub. Co., 1908

External links[edit]